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Human Phosphatases
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Statistics

241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update:
11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update:
01 Sep, 2023

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ARHGDIA

Basic Information
Phosphatases
Pathway
Interacting Proteins
Phosphorylating Kinases

Gene Name	ARHGDIA (QuickGO)	Interactive visualization of ARHGDIA structures (A quick tutorial to explore the interctive visulaization) Representative structure: 2N80
Synonyms	ARHGDIA, GDIA1,
Protein Name	ARHGDIA
Alternative Name(s)	Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1;Rho GDI 1;Rho-GDI alpha;
Protein Family	Belongs to the Rho GDI family
EntrezGene ID	396 (Comparitive Toxicogenomics)
UniProt AC (Human)	P52565 (protein sequence)
Enzyme Class	N/A
Molecular Weight	23207 Dalton
Protein Length	204 amino acids (AA)
Genome Browsers	NCBI \|
Crosslinking annotations	Query our ID-mapping table
Orthologues	Quest For Orthologues (QFO) \| GeneTree

Domain organization, Expression, Diseases

Localization, Function, Catalytic activity and Sequence

Motif information from Eukaryotic Linear Motif atlas (ELM)

Gene Ontology (P: Process; F: Function and C: Component terms)

KEGG Pathway
Reactome Pathway

Pathway ID	Pathway Name	Pathway Description (KEGG)
hsa04722	Neurotrophin signaling pathway	Neurotrophins are a family of trophic factors involved in differentiation and survival of neural cells. The neurotrophin family consists of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT-4). Neurotrophins exert their functions through engagement of Trk tyrosine kinase receptors or p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). Neurotrophin/Trk signaling is regulated by connecting a variety of intracellular signaling cascades, which include MAPK pathway, PI-3 kinase pathway, and PLC pathway, transmitting positive signals like enhanced survival and growth. On the other hand, p75NTR transmits both positive and nagative signals. These signals play an important role for neural development and additional higher-order activities such as learning and memory.
hsa04962	Vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption	In the kidney, the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin (AVP) is a critical regulator of water homeostasis by controlling the water movement from lumen to the interstitium for water reabsorption and adjusting the urinary water excretion. In normal physiology, AVP is secreted into the circulation by the posterior pituitary gland, in response to an increase in serum osmolality or a decrease in effective circulating volume. When reaching the kidney, AVP binds to V2 receptors on the basolateral surface of the collecting duct epithelium, triggering a G-protein-linked signaling cascade, which leads to water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) vesicle insertion into the apical plasma membrane. This results in higher water permeability in the collecting duct and, driven by an osmotic gradient, pro-urinary water then passes the membrane through AQP2 and leaves the cell on the basolateral side via AQP3 and AQP4 water channels, which are constitutively expressed on the basolateral side of these cells. When isotonicity is restored, reduced blood AVP levels results in AQP2 internalization, leaving the apical membrane watertight again.

Pathway ID	Pathway Name	Pathway Description (KEGG)
R-HSA-193634	Axonal growth inhibition (RHOA activation).	p75NTR can also form a receptor complex with the Nogo receptor (NgR). Such complexes mediates axonal outgrowth inhibitory signals of MDGIs (myelin-derived growth-inhibitors), such as Nogo66, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and oligodendrocyte myelin glycoprotein (OMGP)
R-HSA-194840	Rho GTPase cycle.	The cycling of Rho GTPases is tightly controlled by three classes of protein. These are (1) guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors or GDIs, which maintain Rho proteins in an inactive state in the cytoplasm, (2) guanine nucleotide exchange factors or GEFs, which destabilize the interaction between Rho proteins and their bound nucleotide, the net result of which is the exchange of bound GDP for the more abundant GTP, and (3) GTPase Activating Proteins or GAPs, which stimulate the low intrinsic GTP hydrolysis activity of Rho family members, thus promoting their inactivation. GDIs, GEFs, and GAPs are themselves subject to tight regulation, and the overall level of Rho activity reflects the balance of their activities. In their active GTP-bound state, Rho family members have the ability to interact with a large variety of so-called effector proteins. By changing the subcellular localization of effectors, by altering their enzymatic properties, or by directing the formation of specific effector complexes, members of the Rho family mediate their various effects. This Rho GTPase cycle is diagrammed in the figure below. External or internal cues promote the release of Rho GTPases from the inhibitory complex (1) which allows them to associate with the plasma membrane (2) where they are activated by GEFs (3) and can signal to effector proteins. Then, GAPs inactivate the GTPases by accelerating the intrinsic GTPase activity, leading to the GDP bound form (4). Once again, the GDI molecules stabilize the inactive GDP bound form in the cytoplasm, waiting for further instructions (5). (Figure and text from Tcherkezian and Lamarche Vane, 2007)
R-HSA-209563	Axonal growth stimulation.	Complex formation between p75NTR and RHOA can leads to inhibition of RHOA activity and axonal growth