241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Nucleus, gem Nucleus,Cajal body Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic granule Perikaryon Cell projection Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Zline Note=Colocalizes with actinand at the Z-line of skeletal muscle (By similarity) Under stressconditions colocalizes with RPP20/POP7 in punctuated cytoplasmicgranules (PubMed:14715275) Colocalized and redistributed withZPR1 from the cytoplasm to nuclear gems (Gemini of coiled bodies)and Cajal bodies (PubMed:11283611) Colocalizes with FMR1 incytoplasmic granules in the soma and neurite cell processes(PubMed:18093976)
Function (UniProt annotation)
The SMN complex plays a catalyst role in the assembly ofsmall nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks ofthe spliceosome Thereby, plays an important role in the splicingof cellular pre-mRNAs Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a commonset of Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF andSNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site ofthe small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP In the cytosol, theSm proteins SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG are trapped inan inactive 6S pICln-Sm complex by the chaperone CLNS1A thatcontrols the assembly of the core snRNP Dissociation by the SMNcomplex of CLNS1A from the trapped Sm proteins and their transferto an SMN-Sm complex triggers the assembly of core snRNPs andtheir transport to the nucleus Ensures the correct splicing ofU12 intron-containing genes that may be important for normal motorand proprioceptive neurons development Also required forresolving RNA-DNA hybrids created by RNA polymerase II, that formR-loop in transcription terminal regions, an important step inproper transcription termination May also play a role in themetabolism of small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNPs)
RNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) via mobile export receptors. The majority of RNAs, such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and U snRNAs, are transported by specific export receptors, which belong to the karyopherin-beta family proteins. A feature of karyopherins is their regulation by the small GTPase Ran. However, general mRNA export is mechanistically different. Nuclear export of mRNAs is functionally coupled to different steps in gene expression processes, such as transcription, splicing, 3'-end formation and even translation.
RNA transport from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is fundamental for gene expression. The different RNA species that are produced in the nucleus are exported through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) via mobile export receptors. The majority of RNAs, such as tRNAs, rRNAs, and U snRNAs, are transported by specific export receptors, which belong to the karyopherin-beta family proteins. A feature of karyopherins is their regulation by the small GTPase Ran. However, general mRNA export is mechanistically different. Nuclear export of mRNAs is functionally coupled to different steps in gene expression processes, such as transcription, splicing, 3'-end formation and even translation.
Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) are crucial for pre-mRNA processing to mRNAs. Each snRNP contains a small nuclear RNA (snRNA) and an extremely stable core of seven Sm proteins. The U6 snRNA differs from the other snRNAs; it binds seven Sm-like proteins and its assembly does not involve a cytoplasmic phase. The snRNP biogenesis pathway for all of the other snRNAs is complex, involving nuclear export of snRNA, Sm-core assembly in the cytoplasm and re-import of the mature snRNP. The assembly of the snRNA:Sm-core is carried out by the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. The SMN complex stringently scrutinizes RNAs for specific features that define them as snRNAs and binds the RNA-binding Sm proteins