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Human Phosphatases
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Statistics

241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update:
11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update:
01 Sep, 2023

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CAMK1

Basic Information
Phosphatases
Pathway
Interacting Proteins
Phosphorylating Kinases

Gene Name	CAMK1 (QuickGO)	Interactive visualization of CAMK1 structures (A quick tutorial to explore the interctive visulaization) Representative structure: 4FG7
Synonyms	CAMK1
Protein Name	CAMK1
Alternative Name(s)	Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 1;2.7.11.17;CaM kinase I;CaM-KI;CaM kinase I alpha;CaMKI-alpha;
Protein Family	Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily CAMKSer/Thr protein kinase family CaMK subfamily
EntrezGene ID	8536 (Comparitive Toxicogenomics)
UniProt AC (Human)	Q14012 (protein sequence)
Enzyme Class	2.7.11.17 (BRENDA )
Molecular Weight	41337 Dalton
Protein Length	370 amino acids (AA)
Genome Browsers	NCBI \| ENSG00000134072 (Ensembl) \| UCSC
Crosslinking annotations	Query our ID-mapping table
Orthologues	Quest For Orthologues (QFO) \| GeneTree \| eggNOG - KOG0032 \| eggNOG - ENOG410XRMJ
Phosphorylation Network	Visualize

Domain organization, Expression, Diseases

Localization, Function, Catalytic activity and Sequence

Localization (UniProt annotation)
Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic
Function (UniProt annotation)
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase thatoperates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK1 signaling cascadeand, upon calcium influx, regulates transcription activatorsactivity, cell cycle, hormone production, cell differentiation,actin filament organization and neurite outgrowth Recognizes thesubstrate consensus sequence [MVLIF]-x-R-x(2)-[ST]-x(3)-[MVLIF]Regulates axonal extension and growth cone motility in hippocampaland cerebellar nerve cells Upon NMDA receptor-mediated Ca(2+)elevation, promotes dendritic growth in hippocampal neurons and isessential in synapses for full long-term potentiation (LTP) andERK2-dependent translational activation Downstream of NMDAreceptors, promotes the formation of spines and synapses inhippocampal neurons by phosphorylating ARHGEF7/BETAPIX on 'Ser-694', which results in the enhancement of ARHGEF7 activity andactivation of RAC1 Promotes neuronal differentiation and neuriteoutgrowth by activation and phosphorylation of MARK2 on 'Ser-91','Ser-92', 'Ser-93' and 'Ser-294' Promotes nuclear export of HDAC5and binding to 14-3-3 by phosphorylation of 'Ser-259' and 'Ser-498' in the regulation of muscle cell differentiation RegulatesNUMB-mediated endocytosis by phosphorylation of NUMB on 'Ser-276'and 'Ser-295' Involved in the regulation of basal and estrogen-stimulated migration of medulloblastoma cells throughARHGEF7/BETAPIX phosphorylation (By similarity) Is required forproper activation of cyclin-D1/CDK4 complex during G1 progressionin diploid fibroblasts Plays a role in K(+) and ANG2-mediatedregulation of the aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) to producealdosterone in the adrenal cortex Phosphorylates EIF4G3/eIF4GIIIn vitro phosphorylates CREB1, ATF1, CFTR, MYL9 and SYN1/synapsinI
Catalytic Activity (UniProt annotation)
ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
Protein Sequence
MLGAVEGPRWKQAEDIRDIYDFRDVLGTGAFSEVILAEDKRTQKLVAIKCIAKEALEGKEGSMENEIAVLHKIKHPNIVA LDDIYESGGHLYLIMQLVSGGELFDRIVEKGFYTERDASRLIFQVLDAVKYLHDLGIVHRDLKPENLLYYSLDEDSKIMI SDFGLSKMEDPGSVLSTACGTPGYVAPEVLAQKPYSKAVDCWSIGVIAYILLCGYPPFYDENDAKLFEQILKAEYEFDSP YWDDISDSAKDFIRHLMEKDPEKRFTCEQALQHPWIAGDTALDKNIHQSVSEQIKKNFAKSKWKQAFNATAVVRHMRKLQ LGTSQEGQGQTASHGELLTPVAGGPAAGCCCRDCCVEPGTELSPTLPHQL

Motif information from Eukaryotic Linear Motif atlas (ELM)

Gene Ontology (P: Process; F: Function and C: Component terms)

KEGG Pathway
Reactome Pathway

Pathway ID	Pathway Name	Pathway Description (KEGG)
hsa04921	Oxytocin signaling pathway	Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide synthesized by the magno-cellular neurons located in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus. It exerts a wide variety of central and peripheral effects. However, its best-known and most well-established roles are stimulation of uterine contractions during parturition and milk release during lactation. Oxytocin also influences cardiovascular regulation and various social behaviors. The actions of OT are all mediated by one type of OT receptor (OTR). This is a transmembrane receptor belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. The main signaling pathway is the Gq/PLC/Ins3 pathway, but the MAPK and the RhoA/Rho kinase pathways are also activated, contributing to increased prostaglandin production and direct contractile effect on myometrial cells. In the cardiovascular system, OTR is associated with the ANP-cGMP and NO-cGMP pathways, which reduce the force and rate of contraction and increase vasodilatation.
hsa04925	Aldosterone synthesis and secretion	Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized in and secreted from the outer layer of the adrenal cortex, the zona glomerulosa. Aldosterone plays an important role in the regulation of systemic blood pressure through the absorption of sodium and water. Angiotensin II (Ang II), potassium (K+) and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) are the main extracellular stimuli which regulate aldosterone secretion. These physiological agonists all converge on two major intracellular signaling pathways: calcium (Ca2+) mobilization and an increase in cAMP production. The increase in cytosolic calcium levels activates calcium/calmodulin- dependent protein kinases (CaMK), and the increased cAMP levels stimulate the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, or protein kinase A (PKA). The activated CaMK, and possibly PKA, activates transcription factors (NURR1 and NGF1B, CREB) to induce StAR and CYP11B2 expression, the early and late rate- limiting steps in aldosterone biosynthesis, respectively, thereby stimulating aldosterone secretion.