241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Interactive visualization PTPRZ1 structures
(A quick tutorial to explore the interctive visulaization)
Synonyms
PTPRZ1, HTPZP2, PTPRZ, PTPRZ2, PTPZ
Protein Name
PTPRZ1
Alternative Name(s)
Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta;R-PTP-zeta;3.1.3.48;Protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z polypeptide 1;Protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z polypeptide 2;R-PTP-zeta-2;
Isoform 1: Cell membrane; Single-pass type Imembrane protein Secreted Note=A secreted form isapparently generated by shedding of the extracellular domain Isoform 2: Secreted
Function (UniProt annotation)
Protein tyrosine phosphatase that negatively regulatesoligodendrocyte precursor proliferation in the embryonic spinalcord Required for normal differentiation of the precursor cellsinto mature, fully myelinating oligodendrocytes May play a rolein protecting oligondendrocytes against apoptosis May play a rolein the establishment of contextual memory, probably via thedephosphorylation of proteins that are part of important signalingcascades (By similarity)
Catalytic Activity (UniProt annotation)
Protein tyrosine phosphate + H(2)O = proteintyrosine + phosphate
Two major virulence factors of H. pylori are the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) and the cag type-IV secretion system (T4SS) and its translocated effector protein, cytotoxin-associated antigen A (CagA).VacA binds to lipid rafts and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) of the target cell membrane. After insertion into the plasma membrane, VacA channels are endocytosed and eventually reach late endosomal compartments, increasing their permeability to anions with enhancement of the electrogenic vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) proton pump. In the presence of weak bases, osmotically active acidotropic ions will accumulate in the endosomes. This leads to water influx and vesicle swelling, an essential step in vacuole formation. In addition, it is reported that the VacA cleavage product binds to the tyrosine phosphatase receptor zeta (Ptprz) on epithelial cells and the induced signaling leads to the phosphorylation of the G protein-coupled receptor kinase-interactor 1 (Git1) and induces ulcerogenesis in mice.The other virulence factor cag T4SS mediates the translocation of the effector protein CagA, which is subsequently phosphorylated by a Src kinase. Phosphorylated CagA interacts with the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2, thus stimulating its phosphatase activity. Activated SHP-2 is able to induce MAPK signalling through Ras/Raf-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Deregulation of this pathway by CagA may lead to abnormal proliferation and movement of gastric epithelial cells.
Interleukins are low molecular weight proteins that bind to cell surface receptors and act in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. They were first identified as factors produced by leukocytes but are now known to be produced by many other cells throughout the body. They have pleiotropic effects on cells which bind them, impacting processes such as tissue growth and repair, hematopoietic homeostasis, and multiple levels of the host defense against pathogens where they are an essential part of the immune system