241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Isoform 1: Secreted Isoform 2: Cell membrane Lysosomemembrane Note=Appears to shuttle between the cell membraneand intracellular vesicles Colocalizes with FLOT1 at cellmembrane and in intracellular vesicles (PubMed:17638863)Colocalizes with LAMP2 on the lysosome membrane (PubMed:17897319)
Function (UniProt annotation)
A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase thatdephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidicconditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphatemonoesters and phosphorylated proteins Has lipid phosphataseactivity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma Isoform 2: the cellular form also has ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuronsGenerates adenosine from AMP which acts as a pain suppressor Actsas a tumor suppressor of prostate cancer through dephosphorylationof ERBB2 and deactivation of MAPK-mediated signaling
Catalytic Activity (UniProt annotation)
A phosphate monoester + H(2)O = an alcohol +phosphate A 5'-ribonucleotide + H(2)O = a ribonucleoside+ phosphate
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes (white blood cells), indispensable in defending the body against invading microorganisms. In response to infection, neutrophils leave the circulation and migrate towards the inflammatory focus. They contain several subsets of granules that are mobilized to fuse with the cell membrane or phagosomal membrane, resulting in the exocytosis or exposure of membrane proteins. Traditionally, neutrophil granule constituents are described as antimicrobial or proteolytic, but granules also introduce membrane proteins to the cell surface, changing how the neutrophil responds to its environment (Borregaard et al. 2007). Primed neutrophils actively secrete cytokines and other inflammatory mediators and can present antigens via MHC II, stimulating T-cells (Wright et al. 2010).Granules form during neutrophil differentiation. Granule subtypes can be distinguished by their content but overlap in structure and composition. The differences are believed to be a consequence of changing protein expression and differential timing of granule formation during the terminal processes of neutrophil differentiation, rather than sorting (Le Cabec et al. 1996). The classical granule subsets are Azurophil or primary granules (AG), secondary granules (SG) and gelatinase granules (GG). Neutrophils also contain exocytosable storage cell organelles, storage vesicles (SV), formed by endocytosis they contain many cell-surface markers and extracellular, plasma proteins (Borregaard et al. 1992). Ficolin-1-rich granules (FG) are like GGs highly exocytosable but gelatinase-poor (Rorvig et al. 2009)