241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6;TrpV6;CaT-like;CaT-L;Calcium transport protein 1;CaT1;Epithelial calcium channel 2;ECaC2;
Protein Family
Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1A4) familyTrpV subfamily TRPV6 sub-subfamily
Calcium selective cation channel that mediates Ca(2+)uptake in various tissues, including the intestine(PubMed:11097838, PubMed:11278579, PubMed:11248124PubMed:15184369, PubMed:23612980, PubMed:29258289) Important fornormal Ca(2+) ion homeostasis in the body, including bone and skin(By similarity) The channel is activated by low internal calciumlevel, probably including intracellular calcium store depletion,and the current exhibits an inward rectification(PubMed:15184369) Inactivation includes both a rapid Ca(2+)-dependent and a slower Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent mechanism; thelatter may be regulated by phosphorylation In vitro, is slowlyinhibited by Mg(2+) in a voltage-independent manner Heteromericassembly with TRPV5 seems to modify channel properties TRPV5-TRPV6 heteromultimeric concatemers exhibit voltage-dependentgating
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Minerals are one of the five fundamental groups of nutrients needed to sustain life. Of the minerals, calcium plays innumerable roles in our bodies, serving as a main component of bone as well as an intracellular messenger in muscle contraction/relaxation, neural networks, the immune system, and endocrine/exocrine cells. Iron, copper, and other metals are required for redox reactions (as cofactors) and for oxygen transport and binding (in hemoglobin and myoglobin). Many enzymes require specific metal atoms to complete their catalytic functions. Animal tissues need moderate quantities of some elements (Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, S, and Cl) and trace amounts of others (Mn, Fe, I, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Se). The minerals are absorbed by either passive or active transport systems through the intestinal mucosa, often using specialized transport proteins, such as ferritin for Fe3+ and vitamin D-induced protein for calcium.
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channel proteins were first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster and have many homologues in other species including humans. TRPs form cationic channels that can detect sensory stimuli such as temperature, pH or oxidative stress and transduce that into either electrical (change in membrane potential) or chemical signals (change in intracellular Ca2+ concentration). In humans, there are 28 TRP genes arranged into 6 subfamilies; TRPA, TRPC, TRPM, TRPML, TRPP, and TRPV (Wu et al. 2010). Each TRP channel subunit consists of six putative transmembrane-spanning segments (S1-S6) with a pore-forming loop between S5 and S6. These subunits assemble into tetramers to form functional channels. All functionally characterized TRP channels are permeable to Ca2+ except TRMP4 and 5 which are only permeable to monovalent cations such as Na+ (Latorre et al. 2009). Most TRPs can cause channelopathies which are risk factors for many disease states (Nilius & Owsianik 2010)