241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
--------------------------------
336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
--------------------------------
299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
--------------------------------
last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Cytoplasm NucleusNote=Mainly present in the cytoplasm (PubMed:23434374) Underaberrant lysosomal storage conditions, it translocates from thecytoplasm to the nucleus (PubMed:23434374) In macrophages,translocates into the nucleus upon live Senterica infection(PubMed:27184844)
Function (UniProt annotation)
Transcription factor that specifically recognizes andbinds E-box sequences (5'-CANNTG-3') Efficient DNA-bindingrequires dimerization with itself or with another MiT/TFE familymember such as TFE3 or MITF In association with TFE3, activatesthe expression of CD40L in T-cells, thereby playing a role in T-cell-dependent antibody responses in activated CD4(+) T-cells andthymus-dependent humoral immunity Specifically recognizes andbinds the CLEAR-box sequence (5'-GTCACGTGAC-3') present in theregulatory region of many lysosomal genes, leading to activatetheir expression It thereby plays a central role in expression oflysosomal genes Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy bypromoting expression of genes involved in autophagy Specificallyrecognizes the gamma-E3 box, a subset of E-boxes, present in theheavy-chain immunoglobulin enhancer Plays a role in the signaltransduction processes required for normal vascularization of theplacenta
Mitochondria act as the energy powerhouse of the cell, and are essential for eukaryotic cells to grow and function normally. However, deleterious byproducts of oxidative phosphorylation process called reactive oxidative species (ROS) lead to mitochondrial dysfunction. If the damage is too excessive to be repaired, such mitochondria are selectively recognized and targeted for degradation by a specific mode of autophagy, termed mitophagy. The loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential can induce mitophagy, involving the kinase PINK1 and the E3 ligase Parkin. PINK1 serves as the sensor for the mitochondrial depolarization and recruits Parkin, followed by ubiquitin-dependent recruitment of mitophagy receptors. There are also several PINK1/Parkin-independent mitophagy pathways, in which a group of LIR-containing receptors are required in response to different stimuli. Mitophagy contributes to the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network and the prevention of programmed cell death.