241 human active and 13 inactive phosphatases in total;
194 phosphatases have substrate data;
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336 protein substrates;
83 non-protein substrates;
1215 dephosphorylation interactions;
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299 KEGG pathways;
876 Reactome pathways;
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last scientific update: 11 Mar, 2019
last maintenance update: 01 Sep, 2023
Nucleus Nucleus speckle Note=Duringmitosis, transiently dispersed from the nuclear speckles to thecytoplasm
Function (UniProt annotation)
Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of thesplicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643) SF3B complex isrequired for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding ofU2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA Sequenceindependent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branchsite is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA(PubMed:12234937) May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E'complex (PubMed:10882114) Belongs also to the minor U12-dependentspliceosome, which is involved in the splicing of rare class ofnuclear pre-mRNA intron (PubMed:15146077)
After transcription, eukaryotic mRNA precursors contain protein-coding exons and noncoding introns. In the following splicing, introns are excised and exons are joined by a macromolecular complex, the spliceosome. The standard spliceosome is made up of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs, and several spliceosome-associated proteins (SAPs). Spliceosomes are not a simple stable complex, but a dynamic family of particles that assemble on the mRNA precursor and help fold it into a conformation that allows transesterification to proceed. Various spliceosome forms (e.g. A-, B- and C-complexes) have been identified.
The B-WICH complex is a large 3 Mdalton complex containing SMARCA5 (SNF2H), BAZ1B (WSTF), ERCC6 (CSB), MYO1C (Nuclear myosin 1c), SF3B1, DEK, MYBBP1A, and DDX21 (Cavellan et al. 2006, Percipalle et al. 2006, Vintermist et al. 2001, Sarshad et al. 2013, Shen et al. 2013, reviewed in Percipalle and Farrants 2006). B-WICH is found at active rRNA genes as well as at 5S rRNA and 7SL RNA genes. B-WICH appears to remodel chromatin and recruit histone acetyltransferases that modify histones to transcriptionally active states
The splicing of pre-mRNA occurs within a large, very dynamic complex, designated the 'spliceosome'. The 50-60S spliceosomes are estimated to be 40-60 nm in diameter, and have molecular weights in the range of 3-5 million kDa. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6, are some of the best characterized components of spliceosomes, and are known to play key roles not only in spliceosomal assembly, but also in the two catalytic steps of the splicing reaction. Over 150 proteins have been detected in spliceosomes, and only a subset of these has been characterized. The characterization, and the determination of the functions of the protein components of the spliceosome, is still work in progress.
During spliceosome assembly, the snRNAs and the spliceosomal proteins assemble on the pre-mRNA in a stepwise pathway. First the E complex forms, followed by complexes A and B; the C complex forms next and contains the products of the first step of the splicing reaction. Complexes called i and D form as a consequence of the second step of the splicing reaction, which contain the excised intron and the spliced exons, respectively
The splicing of a subset of pre-mRNA introns occurs by a second pathway, designated the AT-AC or U12-dependent splicing pathway. AT-AC introns have highly conserved, non-canonical splice sites that are removed by the AT-AC spliceosome, which contains distinct snRNAs (U11, U12, U4atac, U6atac) that are structurally and functionally analogous to the major spliceosome. U5 snRNA as well as many of the protein factors appear to be conserved between the two spliceosomes